新华社调查植发市场乱象：收费动辄上万元，技术3天速成
新华社广州3月31日消息，“相亲失败？形象欠佳？你离成功就差一个发际线！”“上午植发，下午上班”“一次植发，终身受益”……地铁、公交、电梯里，大幅抢眼的植发广告不断占领公共空间。夸张的广告语吸引了不少为容貌焦虑、试图拯救发际线的年轻人。
研究机构的数据显示，从2016年到2020年，我国植发行业的市场规模从57亿元跃升至192.2亿元。
大大小小的植发机构遍地开花，植发技术花样百出，动辄收费上万元。还有专门的培训机构声称“3天包教包会”，从业者可自己开店、月入百万元。
“头顶经济”收割年轻群体，手术花费动辄上万元
越来越多的年轻人选择植发提升自身形象。广州“95后”白领小谢，由于工作压力大长期脱发，一直觉得两边额角头发稀少，不够美观，尝试了不少防脱发产品都不见起色。于是，他悄悄做了植发手术。“头发变好了,更有自信了。”小谢说。
据了解，所谓植发手术，就是将毛发较多部位的毛囊移植到秃发或毛发稀疏的部位，移植后成活的毛囊可以继续生长。
南方医科大学南方医院整形外科副主任医师苗勇介绍，过去，毛发移植主要针对的是脱发或秃发患者。近年来，植发范围越来越广，增加了发际线调整、鬓角种植、胡须种植、眉毛种植等新项目。做毛发移植的人中，一多半是二三十岁的年轻人。
“新华视点”记者在广州走访多家植发机构发现，植发价格高低不一，一个毛囊单位价格多在10元到20元。如果一次植发数量达到3000个毛囊单位，则意味着花费在3万元到6万元。
虽然价格高昂，植发效果却不一定尽如人意。在网络社交媒体上，有不少植发失败的网友吐槽。
“90后”美妆博主“薏薏”不满意自己的额头太高，在上海一家植发机构花了3万多元做了植发际线手术。手术后却追悔莫及——移植了2500个毛囊单位，结果存活不到一半，植发的部位头发稀疏，反而大不如从前。
“那家机构已经倒闭了。没办法，我只好做二次移植，不然前额看起来像秃了一样。”“薏薏”懊丧地说。
技术包装蒙外行，“速成医生”“影子医生”浑水摸鱼
“植发在医疗行业中风险相对较小，需求大、盈利多，市场扩张得很快。”苗勇说。
根据原卫生部出台的医疗美容服务管理办法，植发作为医疗美容项目必须在相应的美容医疗机构或开设医疗美容科室的医疗机构中进行。美容医疗机构和医疗机构美容科室开展植发应当由登记机关指定的专业学会核准，并向登记机关备案。开展植发的医疗机构应登记“美容外科”或“美容皮肤科”。
在庞大需求的刺激之下，不少机构纷纷涌入植发市场掘金。目前，民营连锁植发机构市场份额最大；其次是民营非连锁植发机构和民营医美整形机构的植发科室；公立医院的植发科室占比最小。此外不乏一些无资质的小诊所、美容院暗中从事植发业务，乱象丛生。
——“照骗”误导消费者。一些植发机构在网络社交媒体上发布客户植发前后的对比照吸引消费者。但实际上，不少照片都是手术结束后不久照的，难以说明真正的效果。
专业人士介绍，毛囊有代谢周期，种植的头发绝大部分都会在3周至3个月左右进入脱落期，待脱落期结束，头发逐步恢复生长，术后6至9个月才能看到最终的植发效果。很多消费者不知情，往往被术后前期的照片误导。
——包装技术抬高收费。苗勇告诉记者，毛发种植分为获取、分离和种植毛囊三个步骤。目前获取毛囊的方法只有两种，即头皮条切取法和毛囊单位钻取法。种植过程中可以采用三种方法，选取不同的工具进行操作。
记者在走访中发现，不少民营植发机构将植发的不同方法包装成看起来神秘、高端的技术，借此抬高要价。
例如，在一家大型民营连锁植发机构的报价单上，一项名为PLC-HT超精定位毛囊焕活植发技术，每个毛囊收取120元，比常规的植发手术价格高出10多倍，此外还要收取手术开台费5万元。客服人员的解释是：“采用全新进口种植针筒，多维度精确定位提取毛囊，提高提取效率，精准定位种植区域，减少头皮神经末梢损失，促进微创愈合。”
被民营植发机构包装出来的“微针”技术，给人一种比毛囊钻取创伤小的印象。但苗勇认为，所谓的微针其实就是毛囊钻取针和种植器械，针的大小要根据患者头发毛囊的直径和毛囊单位中含有的毛发根数来判断，并非越细越好。此外，打着3D、纳米旗号的植发技术也多是营销噱头。
——“速成医生”“影子医生”埋下安全隐患。过度包装的植发技术看似神乎其神，但讽刺的是，网上大量的植发培训广告却宣称“只需3天即可学会”。记者联系到位于深圳的麦子植发培训学院，一名自称学院老师的人员告诉记者，只要胆大、耐心、眼力好，3天就能学会所有植发技术，包教包会，“完全没有医学基础的也可以学”。
这名工作人员称，该培训机构在西安、天津、重庆等多地开设培训班，学费分为5800元和9800元，前者能学到时下流行的微针植发技术，但毛囊存活率不高；后者能学到大型知名植发连锁机构的所有技术，毛囊存活率可达到95%。
当记者问及学员培训后的去向，该工作人员称，学员培训结束后能拿到学院的毕业证，有的会去民营植发机构，但多数都会自己开店，或者与美容美发店合作，成功者能月入百万。
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“2021年整形行业最火爆的莫过于植发。植发一次成本只有200元到500元，收入1万元到8万元，并且零风险。”该工作人员说，“来找我们培训的有从事美容美发的，也有网红主播，大家都是看中这个行业能挣钱。”
当记者问到资质、风险等敏感问题时，这名工作人员不耐烦地说：“哪来那么多风险？大不了把钱退给他就可以了，这是最坏的打算。”
按照规定，负责实施植发的美容主诊医师应为“美容外科”或“美容皮肤科”主诊医师，实施备案管理，由卫生健康行政部门在《医师执业证书》“备注”页核定专业，并加盖卫生健康行政部门公章。
业内人士透露，目前专业植发人员严重不足。有的植发机构有执照的医生只是挂名，大量手术由无资质人员操作；有的美容美发店与无资质人员合作，推荐消费者植发，然后从中分成。
鉴定难消费者吃“哑巴亏”，尽快完善行业标准及监督机制
记者调查发现，多数植发机构都声称毛囊存活率可达90%到95%，但不少消费者反映，毛囊存活率达不到机构承诺的数量，但由于鉴定难、举证难，只能吃“哑巴亏”。
30岁的董先生因脱发严重，2019年在广州一家民营植发机构做了4500个毛囊单位的植发手术，花费了24000多元。植发近11个月后，仍觉得头顶毛发稀疏，效果不佳。
“4500个毛囊单位已达到植发取发的上限，现在已经无法再做植发手术了。忍受了10个小时的痛苦，就是这样的效果，实在无法接受。”董先生将植发机构告上法庭，要求退还手术费，并赔偿精神损失费。
在案件审理过程中，董先生提出由司法鉴定机构鉴定种植的毛囊存活率是多少，但司法鉴定机构以此项鉴定超出业务范围为由不予受理。按照“谁主张谁举证”原则，董先生作为原告未能提供充分的证据，今年1月，法院以举证不足为由驳回了原告董先生的诉讼请求。
广州一名从事司法鉴定的专业人士告诉记者，植发行业是新兴行业，缺乏相关标准，且植发效果与患者体质、手术医生的技术和术后护理都有关系，很难做出鉴定。
苗勇表示，对于秃发患者来说，医院可以通过检测鉴定毛囊存活率，但对于头发稀疏的患者来说，检测鉴定的确比较困难。
记者在中国裁判文书网上查阅发现，许多因植发失败产生的纠纷案件，都是因消费者鉴定难或举证难被判败诉。
苗勇认为，脱发分为生理性脱发和病理性脱发两种，如果短时间内每天掉发100根以内，属于生理性脱发，无需焦虑，也不需要治疗。对于病理性脱发，植发也并非唯一选择。如果要植发，一定要选择正规机构，消费者可在国家卫生健康委医师管理系统查询医疗美容主诊医师备案信息。
业内人士建议，应尽快完善行业标准，加强跨部门联动执法，严禁无资质的机构和人员从事植发业务，对造成人身伤害的从严惩处。同时，对手术过程进行录像监控，并完善监督机制。
来源：北京青年报官网
……
诈骗罪
外表美
早就习惯了
:L:L:L
听说植发特别痛，再次感谢基因，后辈都有好头发{:7_293:}
现在假发做得也很好怎么不直接戴假发
跟整牙一样，属于暴利行业。
Porgan, Phil, Einar and Ressel Indonesia
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