渴望暴富的年轻人，涌入东南亚种榴莲
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font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 40.6563px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; opacity: 1; line-height: 0; visibility: visible;"></section><p style="outline: 0px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; text-align: center; caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-wrap: wrap; color: #34496b; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-decoration: none solid #34496b;">中国人最爱吃的榴莲是哪一种？来自泰国的金枕榴莲和马来西亚的猫山王榴莲都不乏各自的拥趸，随着种植技术成熟，海南本土的榴莲也已跃跃欲试。榴莲的消费热也带动了上游的榴莲种植产业的内卷，这个热带地区的“水果之王”，在东南亚托起了一个个造富的梦。</span></strong></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; visibility: visible;"> </span></p><section style="margin-bottom: -30px; outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; display: flex; flex-flow: row; text-align: right; justify-content: flex-end; transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px); visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; display: inline-block; width: 127.781px; vertical-align: top; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-start; height: auto; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; width: 127.781px; height: 5px; background-color: #34496b; visibility: visible;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">从5月开始，阿久的水果店就因为榴莲的上市而热闹起来，浓烈的味道引得路过的行人纷纷停下来挑选一个榴莲。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">下沉到小县城里的榴莲，有了比“开榴莲盲盒”更接地气的传说。阿久说，不知道是哪里流传开来的，来买榴莲的女性，都说经期应该吃榴莲，比吃鸡、吃红枣还补气血。最近两个月，高考结束后又迎来中考，不少家长也把榴莲当成犒劳孩子辛苦学习的甜品。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/Fh4oLJPJJvjTlz5HYILCTVCt80r7" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">路边菜市场，榴莲拥有专属的摊位。（图/作者摄）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">过去的一个月，刚上市的榴莲不仅霸占了水果店的C位，还接连上过几次热搜。越来越多原本对榴莲无感的人，也被它所吸引。榴莲在中国消费者眼中似乎已经越来越大众化，就像《经济学人》一篇报道的标题所说的：中国人正在为榴莲疯狂。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">仅去年，中国的榴莲进口量达到142.6万吨，进口金额达到67亿美元，比上一个高峰期2019年的60.5万吨多了一倍有余。以平均一个榴莲2.5千克计算，去年一年时间中国人消耗了5.7亿个榴莲。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">而国内消费端的“榴莲热”，也“卷”起了周边东南亚国家的榴莲种植，托起一个个造富的梦。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px 16px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/Fnn2Cy2zSdh4qhRrtVA5kp5f0V5E" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 20px;">一个榴莲的享乐主义</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">“买个榴莲回去补一补。”在阿久店里，来买榴莲的顾客总是会说类似的话。阿久的水果店开在十八线小县城，虽然单卖榴莲并不会赚很多钱，但榴莲是个“钩手”，被榴莲吸引来的顾客，往往会顺便再买点其他水果。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/Fpf3mXNTfqkTyPC9MPB6c-MFJ5__" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">榴莲也是线下水果店的流量之王。（图/Unsplash）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">最近一两个月，网上大有“榴莲价格跳水”的声音。但实际上，跳水只是昙花一现，价格基本维持在每斤30元左右，一个5斤左右的榴莲售价150元，并不算便宜。在一些娱乐相对单调的小县城，吃榴莲成了一种日常的享受型消费，总有人三不五时就会来买一个解解馋。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">用阿久的话来说，“除了吃点好的享受下，还能干吗？大钱是没有的，买点好吃的还是绰绰有余”。这是榴莲消费下沉的小小缩影。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">难以置信，仅仅在三四年前，很多中国人都还难以接受榴莲浓烈的气味，况且其高昂的价格也令人望而却步。一个几百元的榴莲，只能开出一斤多的果肉，吃的每一口都在剧烈地消耗金钱。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">榴莲的高昂价格，与长期依赖进口有关。榴莲喜欢湿热，需要在日平均温度22℃以上的热带地区里才能生长。中国境内只有海南能够满足种植的条件，但囿于台风频发的气候以及种植经验的欠缺，还需要较长时间来磨合。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">今年，本土种植的海南榴莲已经上市，但产量较少，而250吨的预估总产量相比起2023年我国进口的142.6万吨，还是杯水车薪。另外，国产榴莲价格目前较高，大约69元一斤，是进口榴莲价格的一倍不止，无论从产量还是价格上，我们恐怕离“本土榴莲自由”的愿景还有点远。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/FuBSJ4UUqerfL2YqoaW2sFt99ZBF" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">海南榴莲今年已经上市。（图/《天下财经》）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">因此，进口榴莲的消费仍然占据大头。根据联合国粮农数据，东南亚出口的榴莲几乎都被中国包圆了，总额高达67亿美元。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">目前，进口榴莲的原产地主要是泰国、马来西亚、越南。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">中国人吃得最多的榴莲，是来自泰国的金枕榴莲。近10年来，中国最主要的进口榴莲绝大部分来自泰国。2022年我国进口的82.5吨榴莲里，有78万吨来自泰国，占比达95%。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">但随着边贸协议等相关政策的制定，越南、菲律宾、马来西亚的鲜榴莲相继被允许进入中国市场，泰国榴莲独霸一方的局面被打破了。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/Fn0lFmSlGQvHhyaogTn4s6JJgtsN" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">泰国榴莲包装工厂正在准备出口的榴莲。（图/B站@指闻）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">榴莲是马来西亚和印尼的原生物种，从前马来土著们随意插在房前屋后。在得天独厚的环境中，榴莲自然长大成熟，掉落地上，就成了日常美食。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">在马来文化里，人们不会在还没熟的时候摘下榴莲。在采摘的时候也不能用刀划到榴莲树，不然这棵榴莲树会拒绝生果，这也是马来西亚人与土地深厚情感的表现。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">被称为“榴莲中的爱马仕”的猫山王榴莲就来自马来西亚。此前，进口到中国的猫山王榴莲一般为冷冻的“树上熟”果肉和整个果子，口感细腻甜润，微有苦味，几乎毫无纤维感。以至于越南这个新晋的榴莲种植国家，种植的品种也主要是从马来西亚引进的猫山王榴莲。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/Fl8MZH-842pT0ch5iI3m8qQjJiPA" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">陈哲艺的电影《热带雨》里，吃榴莲的场景成为重要的线索，也是马来西亚人对身份的思索。（图/《热带雨》）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">当中国的榴莲消费不断下沉，东南亚的几个榴莲出口国家的竞争也开始暗潮汹涌。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px 16px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/FumDo88TlTcT7R8roame8IIUYGu-" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 20px;">东南亚榴莲生产，“卷”起来了</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">几天前，马来西亚刚和中国政府正式签订了新鲜榴莲的进口协议。这意味着，从前只允许向中国进口冷冻榴莲的马来西亚，在不久的未来也能向中国提供新鲜榴莲。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">目前，与泰国竞争最激烈的还是越南。2023年，中国进口142.6万吨鲜榴莲，其中92.9万吨来自泰国，占了6成多（65.56%）；菲律宾榴莲0.37万吨，占不到0.5成（0.26%）；而来自越南的榴莲有49.3万吨，达到了3成多（34.59%）。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px;">泰国《国民报》在4月8日就有一篇报道称，2024年前两个月，越南对中国榴莲出口量为3.27万吨，超过泰国，占中国进口总额的57%，较去年同期的32%大幅度增长。尽管这个时间点榴莲还未正式上市，两个国家的榴莲出口已经较上劲了。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">几个东南亚国家中，越南与中国接壤，在运输榴莲上有绝对优势。榴莲成熟季，中越边界友谊关的榴莲堆积成山。按照越南农业和农村发展部的说法，2023年越南榴莲出口额达到23亿美元，比2022年增长了4.8倍。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">根据越南媒体VnExpress报道，进入榴莲季之后，越南猫山王榴莲价格一涨再涨，出口需求高，供应量却很低，越南榴莲的市场空间依然很大。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/FkEqSG_I4elYhNiCVxXBPJIsbshi" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">2022年，越南新鲜榴莲批准进入中国。（图/Vietnam Expo）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">于是，近些年越南还出现了大规模砍伐果林、推平耕地种植榴莲的现象。从2010年到现在，越南榴莲种植面积以24.5%的年增长率保持增长。目前，越南榴莲种植面积达到了13.1万公顷。在越南西部，更是有数千公顷的水稻田和菠萝蜜果园被农民砍掉，重新种上了榴莲。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">甚至前段时间传出的进口咖啡豆涨价的消息，也和榴莲种植扩张有关系。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">越南是罗布斯塔咖啡豆的主要出口国，这种豆子被认为是相对于阿拉比卡的次优选择，占全球咖啡产量的40%。而榴莲市场的扩张，吸引了不少咖啡农砍伐咖啡树，转而种植经济效益更好的榴莲，间接导致了咖啡豆的供应下降。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">这一系列榴莲种植的过度扩张，引发了越南农业和农村发展部的担忧。榴莲一般生长在稍有坡度的山地，而越南榴莲大规模种植在湄公河三角洲，很容易形成盐碱地，如果无法及时给平原上的榴莲排水，会严重影响榴莲的品质和产量。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">离开了原产地，榴莲生长挂果并不容易，一株榴莲往往需要种植4—8年才能挂果。如今大肆种植的榴莲树，到七八年后会碰到什么样的市场状况？仍是一个谜团。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="text-align: center; margin: 0px 16px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/Fp9DINWjp83mJfcV5UGcSvoVTUy7" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 20px;">“榴莲捕手”与“榴莲赌徒”</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">在这股榴莲热中，今年25岁的越南小伙子Tan抓住了闷声发财的机会。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">根据越南媒体VnExpress的报道，他是一名“榴莲捕手”，每当榴莲成熟季来临，他和榴莲采摘团队便出现在榴莲果园。在整个旺季，采摘工每个月收入能达到5000万—1亿越南盾（约人民币1.42万—2.84万元）。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">在视频中，Tan的动作流利，几秒钟就利落地割下一个榴莲，随后扔给下面拿着一块布接着的工人。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">收入如此之高的采摘工作，并非人人能马上上手。Tan从18岁就开始学习榴莲采摘。成为一个优秀的“榴莲捕手”，需要对榴莲了如指掌，比如在采摘时通过外观判断榴莲是否到了成熟的时候。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><p style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/FkPubDePlVecrM94ff67Y3-aZB28" /></p><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">Tan正在采摘榴莲。（图/YouTube@ VnExpress）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">判断榴莲的成熟度，方法是用刀柄敲击榴莲，听声音。成熟榴莲声音沉闷而空洞，未成熟的榴莲则声音坚实。这对农场来说至关重要，未成熟的榴莲可能不能达到中国市场进口的需求，给农场带来巨大经济损失。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">所以一旦判断失误，比如榴莲未成熟比例超过总量的2%，那采摘团队就要受到处罚。尽管如此，Tan还是在这“榴莲热”中发了财。两年前，他组建了一个15人的榴莲采摘团队，他相信未来的日子蒸蒸日上。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">与此同时，越来越多中国人也进入东南亚做榴莲生意。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">2022年下半年，B站用户@卡里有一亿的小南 从电商公司辞职来到越南做榴莲采购，他在中国的亲戚负责榴莲经销。每天，他的工作就是到各个种植园看榴莲品质、谈价格，谈好了就让工人上树直接采摘，拉回工厂加工包装。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/FhC1y0qQrHDS4Q-kiIgZo6lV-mi-" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">越南的榴莲加工工厂。（图/B站@卡里有一亿的小南）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">小南曾算过一笔账，采购卖出的榴莲一般一公斤28元，一货柜大概960箱，一共16320公斤，光果子的价格就需要45万元。从越南南部运输到中越边境凭祥，一车的运费一般是2万元，加上过关检疫、税费等费用需要6万元。出关后再拉到如广州江南市场等给店铺代卖，一车的费用差不多要56万元。折算下来一斤榴莲拉到中国市场的成本为17元，其中还不包含其他原因造成的意外损失。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">按照小南的观察，一般来说，投机的散客最后都是“割肉离场”，只有资金雄厚、有销售渠道的大公司才能在这场“榴莲竞争”中胜出。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">此外，还有小红书网友@很忙先生，他所在的投资公司进入泰国20多年，投资涉及房地产、建材、进出口贸易等。疫情几年，泰国投资领域萧条，唯独榴莲行情一直很好，实际上，榴莲也是他们公司收益最高的项目。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">他在社交媒体分享了出海种榴莲的经历。从2021年至今，公司已经投资种植榴莲园1030亩，主要分布在新的榴莲产区——泰国南部。以每亩地种30棵榴莲算，公司的榴莲园已经种下了3万多棵榴莲。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pic.app.58cammp.com/Fn8dgbpD4HKdqi1TW_N-KfWRBufo" /></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #34496b; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: #34496b; font-size: 10px;">去泰国投资榴莲产业成为小众致富道路。（图/小红书@很忙先生）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">种下第一棵榴莲，4—5年之后就可以挂果产生收益。今年，他们最早种下的榴莲已经结果，是一个好的开始。但他也提醒大家不要盲目入局，因为“种榴莲是长线投资”，等3年后全部榴莲都挂果，到时候的市场行情如何、收成如何，都还未可知。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">榴莲致富的路上，不缺乏勇者和幸运者，但要玩到最后，资金规模仍然是最有底气的本钱。</span></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 1px;">来源：新周刊</span></section><section class="mp_profile_iframe_wrp"></section><section style="margin: 0px 16px; line-height: normal;"></section> <!----></div> 吃屎哦一股屎臭味 加油干 厉害 为什么不是种菠菜？ 加油，多高点
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